![]() The risks to the fetus are further increased if the mother's diabetes is poorly managed. It is thought that increased blood sugar (glucose) levels and other metabolic problems related to diabetes may have a harmful effect on a developing fetus, increasing the likelihood of developing caudal regression syndrome. One risk factor for the development of caudal regression syndrome is the presence of diabetes in the mother. The condition is likely caused by the interaction of multiple genetic and environmental factors. Affected individuals are often constipated and may experience loss of control of bladder and bowel function.Ĭaudal regression syndrome is a complex condition that may have different causes in different people. People with caudal regression syndrome may have abnormal twisting (malrotation) of the large intestine, an obstruction of the anal opening (imperforate anus), soft out-pouchings in the lower abdomen (inguinal hernias ), or other malformations of the gastrointestinal tract. In severe cases, both males and females have a lack of development of the genitalia (genital agenesis). Females may have an abnormal connection between the rectum and vagina (rectovaginal fistula). Genital abnormalities in males can include the urethra opening on the underside of the penis (hypospadia) or undescended testes (cryptorchidism). Damage to the nerves that control bladder function, a condition called neurogenic bladder, causes affected individuals to have progressive difficulty controlling the flow of urine. Additionally, affected individuals may have protrusion of the bladder through an opening in the abdominal wall (bladder exstrophy). These kidney abnormalities can lead to frequent urinary tract infections and progressive kidney failure. Often the kidneys are malformed defects include a missing kidney (unilateral renal agenesis), kidneys that are fused together (horseshoe kidney), or duplication of the tubes that carry urine from each kidney to the bladder (ureteral duplication). Some people experience decreased sensation in their lower limbs.Ībnormalities in the genitourinary tract in caudal regression syndrome are extremely varied. Affected individuals may be born with inward- and upward-turning feet ( clubfeet ), or the feet may be outward- and upward-turning (calcaneovalgus). In some individuals, the legs are bent with the knees pointing out to the side and the feet tucked underneath the hips (sometimes called a frog leg-like position). The bones of the legs are typically underdeveloped, most frequently the upper leg bones (femurs). The buttocks tend to be flat and dimpled. Individuals with caudal regression syndrome may have small hip bones with a limited range of motion. The spinal abnormalities may affect the size and shape of the chest, leading to breathing problems in some individuals. People with caudal regression syndrome can also have an abnormal side-to-side curvature of the spine ( scoliosis ). Affected individuals may have incomplete closure of the vertebrae around the spinal cord, a fluid-filled sac on the back covered by skin that may or may not contain part of the spinal cord, or tufts of hair at the base of the spine. In this disorder, the bones of the lower spine ( vertebrae ) are frequently misshapen or missing, and the corresponding sections of the spinal cord are also irregular or missing. Affected areas can include the lower back and limbs, the genitourinary tract, and the gastrointestinal tract. Human skull Stock Illustrations by PixelEmbargo 89 / 14,696 skull with tribal elements Stock Illustrations by Weniworks 71 / 16,567 Black and white human skull with jaw Clipart by Noedelhap 64 / 5,943 Skull Cowboy Aiming Guns Stock Illustration by ChromaCo 84 / 12,741 Flaming Skull Graphic Vector Image Stock Illustrations by ChromaCo 42 / 4,643 Skulls tattoos Stock Illustration by Seamartini 47 / 7,605 Day Of The Dead Skull Vector Set Drawings by vectorfreak 62 / 4,202 skull blood2 Stock Illustrations by SS1001 49 / 419 Danger skull Stock Illustration by Seamartini 25 / 2,805 skull and roses Clip Art by tanais 19 / 6,218 Smiling skull Stock Illustrations by Seamartini 20 / 1,706 human skull Stock Illustration by PixelEmbargo 15 / 1,785 skull with electric guitars Stock Illustration by cscst 27 / 6,368 skull in headphones and sunglasses Stock Illustrations by SS1001 11 / 1,610 Skull with wings Clip Art by Seamartini 9 / 2,803 Vector illustration of evil skull Stock Illustration by Elisanth 41 / 1,416 skull emblem Clipart by catchmybreath 21 / 4,903 Fiery skull.Caudal regression syndrome is a disorder that impairs the development of the lower (caudal) half of the body. ![]()
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